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SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK / Version polish and english /

Posted by himalman On 11/19/2007 08:07:00 pm
I would like to invite you to watch a movie :

SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK - TREKKING IN HIMALAYA.

Sagarmatha National Park, is located in eastern Nepal, containing parts of the Himalayas and the southern half of Mount Everest. The park was created July 19, 1976 and in 1979 was inscribed as a Natural World Heritage Site. Sagarmatha is Sanskrit for "mother of the universe" and is the modern Nepali name for Mount Everest.

The park encompasses an area of 1,148 km² and ranges in elevation from its lowest point of 2,845 m (9,335 ft) at Jorsalle to 8,850 m (29,035 ft) at the summit of Everest. Barren land above 5,000 m (16,400 ft) comprises 69% of the park while 28% is grazing land and the remaining 3% is forested. Most of the park area is very rugged and steep, with its terrain cut by deep rivers and glaciers. Unlike other parks, this park can be divided into four climate zones because of the rising altitude. The climatic zones include a forested lower zone, a zone of alpine scrub, the upper alpine zone which includes upper limit of vegetation growth, and the Arctic zone where no plants can grow. The types of plants and animals that are found in the park depend on the altitude. The park contains the upper watershed of the Dudh Kosi river basin system.

The park's visitor centre is located at the top of a hill in Namche Bazaar, also where a company of the Nepal Royal Army is stationed for protecting the park. The park's southern entrance is a few hundred metres north of Mondzo at 2,835 m (9,300 ft), a one day hike from Lukla.


Flora and fauna.

In the lower forested zone, birch, juniper, blue pines, firs, bamboo and rhododendron grow. Above this zone all vegetation are found to be dwarf or shrubs. As the altitude increases, plant life is restricted to lichens and mosses. Plants cease to grow at about 5,750 m (18,690 ft), because this is the permanent snow line in the Himalayas.

Forests of pine and hemlock cover the lower elevations of the national park. At elevations of around 3500 meters and above, forests of silver fir, birch, rhododendron and juniper trees are found. The forests provide habitat to at least 118 species of birds, including Danphe, Blood pheasant, Red-billed chough, and yellow-billed chough. Sagarmatha National Park is also home to a number of rare species, including musk deer, wild yak, snow leopard, Himalayan black bear and red panda. Besides, many other animals such as Himalayan thars, deer, langur monkeys, hares, mountain foxes, martens, and Himalayan wolves are found in the park. However, their numbers are not very large and many visitors may not be able to see them.

The oxygen gets thinner with the altitude. Therefore, the animals that are found here are adapted to living on less oxygen as well as a cold temperature. They have thick coats to retain body heat. Some of them have shortened limbs to prevent loss of body heat. The Himalayan bears go into hibernation in caves during the winter when there is no food available.


Park Narodowy Sagarmatha - park narodowy położony w północno-wschodnim Nepalu, w paśmie Wielkich Himalajów, w górnym zlewisku rzeki Dudh Kosi.

Utworzony został w 1976, a w 1979 wpisano go na listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO. Zajmuje obszar 1148 km². Prawie cała powierzchnia Parku położona jest powyżej 3000 m n.p.m. Znajdują się na jego terenie trzy ośmiotysieczniki: Mount Everest, Lhotse i Cho Oyu.

Flora

W parku występuje flora charakterystyczna dla stref wysokogórskich. Najniższa strefa to strefa subalpejska rozciągająca się pomiędzy 3000 a 4000 m n.p.m. W jej dolnym piętrze rosną drzewostany złożone głównie z sosny himalajskiej z domieszką dębu oraz jałowca, który często przybiera formy drzewiaste. W wyższych partiach pojawia się drzewostan jodłowy z domieszką brzozy i charakterystycznych dla Himalajów drzewiastych różaneczników. Powyżej 4000 m n.p.m. rozpoczyna się strefa alpejska. Rosną tu głównie krzewy różaneczników, berberysów, irg i jałowca oraz byliny - różne gatunki traw, astry, goryczka i maki. Ze wzrostem wysokości szata roślinna staje się coraz bardziej uboga. Całkowicie zanika na granicy wiecznych śniegów, która w Himalajach znajduje się na wysokości około 5600 m n.p.m.

Fauna

Ostry klimat i ciężkie warunki bytowe nie zachęcają zwierząt do życia w tak surowym środowisku. Mimo to spotkać tu można przedstawicieli rodziny krętorogich - gorale, kozły serau, tary himalajskie. Te ostatnie podobne do naszych kozic, mogą występować na wysokości ponad 4000 m n.p.m.

W lasach Sagarmath żyją dwa gatunki z rodziny jeleniowatych piżmowiec i mundżak, najbardziej prymitywni przedstawiciele tej rodziny. Mniejsze ssaki reprezentuje szczekuszka, zając, łasica i ryjówka.

W Parku występuje około 130 gatunków ptaków. Najbardziej charakterystycznym dla Himalajów jest bażant himalajski. Sporadycznie spotkać można również niedźwiedzia himalajskiego oraz wilka.

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